Imagine that two people on the opposite aspects of the world want to share confidential information with complete confidentiality. One of the promising options is the use of quantum confusion, a strange property of physics in which two particles become so interconnected that they act as a single system, even if they are separated by huge distances. Changes in one instantly affect the other, regardless of how much they are from each other.
Estimation is the basis of quantum cryptography, technology, which affects terrible correlations between particles, such as photons and electrons, to exchange information so that no classical system can. The received messages are theoretically safe from eavesdropping: any attempt to intercept the message violates his quantum state, instantly putting aside both the sender and the receiver.
Nevertheless, there is a catch: in order to confuse two particles, first you need to combine them into the same physical location so that they can interact locally, which makes the process expensive and logistics difficult. As if you had to meet personally to exchange money, and not send it through the bank.
Read more: Quantum confusion intends to revolutionize X -ray visualization
Borrowing from the tank of confusion
But what if new users of quantum cryptography did not need to create their own confusing particles pairs? What if each side could just lend confusion at the local “reservoir” and save themselves from trouble?
IN Recent article In the magazine Physical review a, The international team of researchers said that this kind of bypass is really possible.
“Bowing can be transferred from the reservoir, as from a bank to customers,” says co-author Chirag Srivastava, postdock at the University of Gdansky in Poland. “They do not need to get together.”
When developing experiments of quantum thinking, physics often refer to fictional characters named Alice and Bob. In this study, in order to explain their new method, the authors introduce two new characters: Charu and Debu.
Maximum confusion
Alice and Bob share a confusing state and, thus, can communicate reliably. Char and Debu, two other distant parties, want their own common confusion. But instead of building one from scratch, the charm interacts locally with Alice, while Debu interacts at the local level with Bob. Thanks to quantum operations, known as “versions” – essentially thorough manipulations with particle conditions – part of the confusion of Alice and Bob is transmitted to Charu and Debu.
In principle, as the researchers show, this process can be repeated for an indefinite period, and each new pair of Char-debu receives a piece of a quantum connection. But the party cannot last forever. Bowing is a final resource – the more people you share it, the less each part becomes. Even the largest bank cannot lend endless amounts of money.
Nevertheless, even modest amounts of confusion can provide certain tasks. For example, in quantum teleportation, you “teleport” the quantum state from one confusing particle to another; As long as you do not need perfect fidelity, partial confusion will help. And, given the fairly large reservoir, you can borrow more for larger tasks that require maximum confusion.
Puzzle quantum
Researchers represent the future in which several such tanks of confusion serve as centers around the world, which allows countless users to lend confusion without generating it themselves. This can save a lot of resources and help on the scale of the international network of safe quantum communication.
However, other problems remain. On the one hand, it is difficult to maintain confusing states after they were installed, as you know. Since confusing particles interact with their individual environments, they tend to “expose”, gradually losing their fragile quantum connection with each other.
Pull -down particles are especially inclined to preserve during transportation, and this study eliminates the need to move them over long distances. Of course, it is also difficult to maintain confusion even in controlled laboratory conditions. Srivastava says that this problem should still be resolved. But he and his colleagues decided one most of the quantum puzzle: how to effectively share confusion around the world.
“The translating part,” says Srivastava, “we think that it is feasible.”
Read more: How sensors using quantum confusion can improve the detection of an earthquake
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