How Jane Goodall changed the way we see animals – and the world

Jane Goodol, who died at the age of 91, changed the world due to how she saw animals, especially chimpanzees.

In 1960, when she was 26 years old, she noticed a chimpanzees, which she called David Graibard fishing for termites from the branches, which he deprived of leaves. “At that time,” she said, “it was read that people and only people used and made tools. Starting from school, they told me that the best definition of a person was a person, the creator of tools, but I just watched the creator of the chimpanzees tools in action. ”

She reported her mentor to her mentor, the Louis Lika paleoanthropol, who sent the famous telegram in response: “Now we must reduce the“ instrument ”, rethink the“ man ”or accept the chimpanzees as people.”

In the end, we chose the average version and searched for something else, what we could do, that other animals could not. But the work of Goodolla was vital to undermine the view of human exclusivity and superiority, which prevailed not only among scientists, but also among society as a whole.

Her work was aimed at the assumption of the French philosopher Rene Descartes, who supported the exploitation of animals and the destruction of the environment for 400 years. Descartes said that animals have no soul, and they can be considered machines for use, like us. Guddolle showed that chimpanzees had intelligence and foresight for the development and creation of tools, but she also attributed emotions and individuals to them. Some were calm, like David Greibard, other timid, curious or angry.

In this she worked, repeated that other scientists who are changing the world with the same brilliant observant abilities. In his book Expressions of emotions in humans and animalsCharles Darwin tried to explain the evolution of facial expressions, attributing them to emotional states: jealousy, rage, love, and so on. But he did it in both animals and people, and the establishment rejected him.

The book was poorly examined at that time and neglected more than 100 years. The work of Guddolla in the 1960s was also originally dismissed and even despised. This did not help that she was a young woman without a degree. Both Darwin and Gudoll were due to the insatiable curiosity and strength of the patient, intensive observation – and these qualities underlie their success. (When New scientist Once they asked her what young scientists need, She answered“Patience, in huge heaps and lead.”) Now we understand that both Darwin and Gudll were right: Many animals have feelings, emotions and inner lifeField

Guddolle was chosen facilities for studying chimpanzees in Gomba that it is now Tanzania. Liki was interested in understanding Human evolution And to bring the behavior of the common ancestor of chimpanzees and people, and he decided that the study of wild chimpanzees, that no one had ever done, would be a good way to do this. He wanted someone, who was unbiased thanks to the established scientific thinking, and he believed that the woman would make a more patient, sympathetic field biologist. It is unlikely that a trained biologist would make breakthroughs that Gudall made.

First, her observations of chimpanzees were distant glimpses through binoculars. But gradually she won their adoption. The first to trust her was the one that she called David Graibir, a man with white hair on his chin. (Later, having received a doctoral degree in Cambridge, she will receive a reprimand for the pressure of the name of animals, not numbers, but for her it was natural to name them all.) She saw how David Gray -Boroda discharged the leaves from the branch, and then used it to catch termite from the termite and reported about her conclusions so that faces. “David Graibard and his tool using, were a moment that changed everything,” she said later.

She was also the first scientist who described the rituals of courtship and mating, their reproductive cycles and how mothers introduce their children into the voluntary mothers, discovering Guddol, calmly allowed others to see the child, while the mother was hidden for the first time, leaving the enemy and May in the army.

In the 1970s, the center of her life began to change, moving from observing the chimpanzee to their defense -in. Thus began her second phase of changing the world. She installedJane Goodoll InstituteIn 1977, which became an extensive non -profit conservation organization, with offices in 25 countries. In 1986, she organized a conference for field biologists working on chimpanzees in areas throughout Africa, and brought home a threat that they face animals and forests on which they rely on. She also learned about the problems that people who live near the chimpanzees habitat are faced.

In 1991, she began Roots and shootsAn organization aimed at teaching youth about preservation. It is active in more than 75 countries. Constantly touring and speaking at conservation, she gave about 300 public performances a year. In 2024, she visited each of the offices of the institute Jane Guddlle to talk with the media about the work on the preservation and rights of animals.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCWD7PKRZVU

Guddoll died in California, in the middle of the performance. She wrote 32 books, including 15 for children. In her last, Book of HopeShe wrote: “I realized that if we cannot help people find a way to earn a living without destroying the environment, we could not try to save the chimpanzees in any way.”

Guddul spoke about the influence of another of the most important figures of the 20th century, the ecologist and defender of nature Rachel Karson. At the University of Cambridge in the 1960s, she said: “I read Rachel Karson Silent spring And she was inspired by her courage in the fight against pharmaceutical companies, the government and scientists about the danger to the environment of DDT. ”

According to her, Karson knew that a long battle was ahead, but never gave up and would continue to inspire. The same applies to Jane Guddl.