When Jane Gudoll left her boat in the fact that he is now the national park Gomba in Tanzania on July 14, 1960, she began a journey that would forever change science.
Armed with her notebook and binoculars, Judall settled far from chimpanzees (Pan Troglodites) She was sent to observe and worked in order to gradually strengthen their trust. This patience gave the chimpanzee the time to “get used to” – a process in which wild animals are acclimatized to the presence of a person to such an extent that they begin to behave normally around them.
The first revolutionary discovery of Guddolla was that people were not unique in the creation and use of tools. In October 1960, she spied on David Graibir -A high-lived adult man who was the first to relax in her presence, he pulled the stick into the termite to catch his residents.
Until that moment, scientists suggested that only people had brains for such behavior. “This is in Production Tools that a person is unique “, Kenneth OucclesPhysical anthropologist and paleontologist of the 20th century, wrote For a conference held at the Museum of Natural History in London in 1947. “The creation of sticks and stones in concrete use was the first recognizable human activity,” he said.
The field of chimpanzees and a wider animal, the use of tools is now a growing area of research, with chimpanzees throughout Africa, known for fishing for termitesBye West African chimpanzee – experts on the use of stones To hack nuts with solid shells. Pritologists now usually observe chimpanzees using tools for Bring how hominins could solve similar problems, including Termit fishingField
Each for their own
Gudoll challenged the Convention, providing each member Name, such as FLI, FIFI and Goliath, unlike the number. In addition, she noticed that each person has his own personality, for example, with David Graibard, who was very tender, while Frodo There was a famous bully.
From -in goodness, Search for individual differences How to act and think that now it is not surprising, but this discovery has paved the way to study research in As a person is displayed to behaviorThe field is important, because the differences in behavior can have large evolutionary consequences, especially if it affects the ability to survive and reproduce – the key principle standing behind Evolution by natural selectionField
Complex relationships
The birth of a new baby Flint, in the early 1960s, gave Budolla the opportunity to observe mothers who care about their newborns. Each interaction she saw was a new scientific discovery.
For example, Gudll noticed how, when the babies ripen, mothers began to actively wean their young, denying the possibilities for leaving and rejecting attempts to restrain the trip on their backs, while at the same time subjecting their babies more and more social interactions.
Scientists now know that Mothers play an important role In periods of training for complex behavior, such as the use of tools. 2019 study published in the journal PNA He found that the mothers of chimpanzees in the Republic of Congo can even actively teach their children as a term fish, giving them their own rods as manually.
Sympathy and grief
In addition to the bonds of the Mother Jr., Guddol also noticed that the chimpanzees form strong, long-term ties with their family and other members of the group. Studies have shown that Separate chimpanzees create close ties with those who are outside their own sex and rank, and there will be Share food With their friends.
Moreover, primatologists now know that chimpanzees have exceptional social memory, which complements these ties, with 2023 research in the journal. PNA Having found that chimpanzees learn that their former partners of the group almost three decades after they looked at each other for the last time.
Thus, the discovery of Goodolla was the key to the disclosure of the previously unknown social life of our closest living relatives, and revealed what these relations can teach us about the social and cultural evolution of man.
For example, these close relations and the corresponding social tolerance, which create, are the basis for learning in chimpanzee – with chimpanzee, receiving a huge amount of behavior from othersThe field is actually to be tolerant of your group groups claimed that it was a fundamental For primates, including hominins, in evolution to create and use tools.
Taste for blood
Gudlla time in Gomba also showed that chimpanzees are not vegetarians that they were once considered. Instead, they are omnivorous, which actively hunt meat. Red monkeys Colobus (genus Piliocolobus) are the main booty for the Cassel community, but now it is known that the chimpanza throughout Africa hunts a wide range of species.
For example, Chimpanzee in Uganda Hunt DuykerType of antelope, while the Futli chimpanse in Senegal craft spears to kill a shrubField
Guddol also discovered violence between members of different groupsWith this discovery, it paves the way to what is now an extensive study of chimpanzees Border patrolsIN Cooperation at the level of groups And reconciliation behavior.
Now we know that oxytocin – connecting the hormone – participates in post -conflict reconciliationShowing its importance not only in building relationships, but also to repair them.
