Why ‘beauty factories’ could solve two massive cosmological mysteries

Do you know that in physics we have beauty factories? This has nothing to do with art or glamor. Instead, I am talking about experiments where electrons and their anti -broadcasting, Positrons, collide together for the production of particles called B Mesons.

They are made of quarks, subatomic particles found in a conventional substance. But while such a question almost exclusively consists of electrons, up and down, and b meson consists of antique and up, down, charm or strange quarks.

This makeup gives b mesons an extremely short existence, far from everyday life, so you can ask the question of why someone will bother entire objects that we now call B factory to make them. The answer is that b mesons can help us solve a great riddle of the universe: why there is something more than antimatter.

We know that each type of particle has an antiparticles, but when we look at the Universe, we mainly see particles, not antiparticles. Thus, the universe looks complete electrons, but not positrons – it is identical to electrons, but with the opposite charge.

The mesons are interesting because they exist between a substance that abounds in the universe and the antimatter, which is not so. Thus, we can use them to learn more about asymmetry between the substance and the anti -ity. Understanding this explains why in the Universe in general something continues, since matter and antimatter tend to destroy contact. We create B -Fabrics because they can help us explain why the universe is not empty.

Things become even more difficult, given that the mesons also have their own antimatter colleagues. Each B Antimeson is made of beauty and up, down, charm or strange antique. In the case of B -meters made with strange or down quarks (known as neutral, because they do not have an electric charge), particles fluctuate between mesons and antimimimsons. In other words, neutral B-Mesons are spontaneously uninterrupted.

It is these neutral B-Mesons that are the key to understanding asymmetry and anti-antimetry. Although their ostentary nature is a forecast of the standard model of particles physics (which catalogs every particle that has ever seen), we can see if the vibrations are exactly half and half. Are the particles that we first do in collisions will often be mesons or antimimsons? If asymmetry was in these fluctuations, this could explain the asymmetry-Anti-Antimatter.

In 2010, researchers from Cooperation Fermilab Dzero said they see a difference of 1 %, but no other work confirmed this result. The ability remains intriguing, especially because studies that are not related to fluctuations have finally observed differences.

B Factories can also help us understand what we are sure, exists, but have never seen in the laboratory: Dark matterYou can recall the field that this dark matter was discovered by observing its gravitational influence on visible matter. We are completely sure that about 85 percent of the issue of the Universe is an invisible material, but it remains to be explained by the standard model.

Formulation of the theory to explain dark matter means a hypothesis of a new particle or particle. Some of them can interact with existing particles of methods that are difficult to detect. The mechanism that allows these interactions is often known as an intermediary. Since intermediaries are also difficult to detect, it sounds hopeless. But although we will never see the intermediary directly, given the correct conditions, we can hope to see the particles into which they break up, such as electron-positive pairs. It is here that factories B can help: they are designed to insulate products of electron-positive clashes (products of substance and conflicting collision).

As someone outside the physics of colliders, I find one of the most interesting things in this study, this is how he supports experiments long after they stop generating data. For example, the Babar experiment in the SLAC accelerator National Laboratory, near the Silicon Valley, was closed in 2008, but the researchers are still sifting data and use it, including for learning the next generation of physicists.

In 2022, Brian Shuv in Harvey Mudd College, not far from Los Angeles, and the undergraduate team checked a new idea against the almost 20-year data of Babar. I heard about this, because, among other things, the idea suggests that the hypothetical particle is called Axion will act as an intermediary between the visible substance and dark matter. Regular readers can recall that my main study is dark matter.

So any of these scenarios (mine or Shuv) captured how our universe actually works? We can simply find out as part of efforts to understand the asymmetry-Antimatter.