“The biggest problem is how to make this egg to publish half of its chromosomes – and the right half,” says Amato. “We are not quite there.” The team called its “mitomeosis” technique and is trying to better understand how the chromosomes like to combine and how they share to find a way to experimentally cause these conditions.
Ability to make eggs and sperm in the laboratory in vitro gametogenesis, or IVG– In recent years, there has been a growing area of research.
In 2016, a group of Japanese researchers, headed by the researcher of stem cells, Katsuhiko Hayashi, said they Healthy mouse puppies were produced After the mice from the mouse is completely in the laboratory dish. Later they generated mouse eggs using cells from men and as a result created puppies with two dads. These achievements were achieved by reprogramming skin cells from adult mice into stem cells, and then even more persuaded them to develop into eggs and sperm.
Mitinori from Kyoto University for the first time fired in 2018, as his team turned blood cells into stem cellsThat they then turned into human eggs, but they were too immature to be fertilized to make embryos.
US Startups Conception Biosciences, Ivy Natal, Gameto and Ovelle Bio are working on the manufacture of eggs or sperm in the laboratory.
But the prospect raises significant ethical questions about how to use the technology. IN 2017 editorial articleBioetics warned that IVG “could raise the ghost of” embryo farm “in scale at present by non -formed.” Perhaps this can allow anyone to have a child at any age. And combined with Achievements in the screening of embryosClinics of the fertility of the future can use IVG to create a massive number of embryos, and then choose those with the most desirable qualities. Genes can also be used with IVG to detect DNA that causes a disease or create new signs.
Amato says that, most likely, another decade of research will be required before IVG can be considered safe or effective enough to be proven among people. Even then, it is unclear whether the technique will be allowed in the United States, since the Congress rider prohibits the control of products and medicines to consider clinical trials, which include genetically manipulating the embryo for the intention to create a child.
“Their method is very complicated and well organized,” says Hayashi, now a professor at Osaki University on the approach of the Oregon group. However, from the high speed of chromosomal errors “this is too ineffective and high risk to use clinical use immediately.”
In addition, since their process requires donor eggs, it can limit its use as a treatment of infertility. Since IVF becomes more popular, the demand for donor eggs is growing, and their use may include waiting time.
Amander Clark, a scientist -rendroductive and biologist of stem cells at the University of California at Los -Ageles, who did not participate in the work, agrees that in his current form, mitomeosis is not ready for use for the treatment of fertility. But at the same time, the study has other applications.
“The technology of mitomeosis is an important technical innovation and can be very valuable for our understanding of meiosis biology in human eggs. Meiotic errors increase with the age of women. Therefore, an understanding of the causes of meiotic errors is a critical field of research, ”says Clark.
