Oslo, Norway — OSLO, Norway (AP) — The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded Friday to a Venezuelan opposition leader. Maria Corina Machado brought this week Nobel announcements to the conclusion. Only the economic bonus on Monday will remain.
The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize awarded in Oslo, Norway. The rest are awarded in Stockholm.
The award ceremony will take place on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. who established the awards? Nobel was a wealthy Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite. He died in 1896.
Here are this year's winners so far:
On October 6, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded three scientists for their work on the immune system.
Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi uncovered a key pathway the body uses to control the immune system, considered critical to understanding autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
In separate projects, the trio identified the importance of what are now called regulatory T cells. Scientists are using these findings in a variety of ways: to discover more effective treatments for autoimmune diseases, to improve the success of organ transplants, and to enhance the body's own fight against cancer.
Bronkow, 64, is now a senior program director at the Systems Biology Institute in Seattle. Ramsdell, 64, is a scientific consultant for San Francisco-based Sonoma Biotherapeutics. Sakaguchi, 74, is a distinguished professor at the Center for Advanced Research in Immunology at Osaka University in Japan.
October 7 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to another trio of scientists for their research into the “oddities” of subatomic particles called quantum tunneling. This allowed for ultra-sensitive measurements. on MRI machines and laid the foundation for better mobile phones and faster computers.
The work of John Clark, Michel H. Devore and John M. Martinis took the seeming contradictions of the subatomic world—where light can be both a wave and a particle, and parts of atoms can tunnel through seemingly impenetrable barriers—and applied them to the more traditional physics of digital devices. The results of their discoveries are just beginning to show up in advanced technologies and may pave the way for development ultra-powerful computing.
Clark, 83, conducted his research at the University of California, Berkeley; Martinis, 67, of the University of California, Santa Barbara; Devorette, 72, is a student at Yale University and also at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Clark led the project.
On October 8, another scientific trio won the competition. Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of new molecular structures capable of holding huge amounts of gas inside themselves. Experts say the work lays the groundwork for potentially sucking greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or harvesting moisture from desert environments.
Experts say the work of Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar M. Yagi “could help solve some of humanity's greatest problems.”
Kitagawa, 74, works at Kyoto University in Japan, and Robson, 88, works at the University of Melbourne in Australia. Yagi, 60, works at the University of California, Berkeley.
October 9 Hungarian writer Laszlo Krasznahorkai won the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday for a work that judges said upholds the power of art in the midst of “apocalyptic terror.” His surreal and anarchic novels combine a dark worldview with caustic humor.
Krasznagorkai, 71, has since written more than 20 books, including “The Melancholy of Resistance,” a surreal, suspenseful story about a traveling circus and a stuffed whale, and “Baron Wenckheim Homecoming,” a sprawling saga about an aristocrat addicted to gambling.
Krasznahorkai openly criticized Hungary's autocratic prime minister. Victor Orbanespecially the lack of support for him by the Ukrainian government after Russia launched an all-out war.
October 10 Machado from Venezuela received the Nobel Peace Prize and was praised as “a key, unifying figure in a political opposition that was once deeply divided.”
Last year, Machado was planning to run against President Nicolas Maduro, but the government disqualified her. There was widespread repression in the run-up to the elections, including disqualifications, arrests and human rights abuses.
Machado has gone into hiding and has not been seen in public since January, so it is unclear whether she will attend the awards ceremony in Stockholm in December.
